Matlab软件与m文件无法关联的解决办法

参考:Matlab软件与m文件无法关联的解决办法 - 知乎

问题描述

在电脑中原本同时安装了 Matlab 2014Matlab 2024(或者其他版本以及卸载重装等情况),当卸载了 2014 版本之后,出现了以下问题:

  • 所有的 .m 文件无法直接双击打开。
  • 双击 .m 文件后,只会启动 Matlab,但不会打开文件。
  • 在「打开方式」中手动选择 Matlab 也无法解决问题,因为默认关联到的是 Matlab Starter Application,而不是 Matlab(R2024a)

因此,需要手动修复 .m 文件和 Matlab 的关联。


解决方法

通过 Matlab 提供的一个脚本 associateFiles.m,可以重新生成注册表文件(.reg),并写入 Windows 注册表,完成 Matlab 文件类型和当前版本 Matlab 的重新绑定。


操作步骤

1. 创建 associateFiles.m 文件

将以下代码保存为 associateFiles.m

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%============================================
function associateFiles(action, userExtList, fileStr)

% associateFiles(action, extList, fileStr)
%
% Makes a registry files that can be used to set correct file associantions on
% a windows platform. The following MATLAB file extensions are supported:
% .m, .mat, .fig, .mexw32, .mexw64, .p, .mdl, .mdlp, .slx, .mldatx, .req,
% .sldd, .slddc, .slxp, .sltx, .mn, .mu, .muphlp, .xvc, .xvz, .ssc, .mlapp,
% .mlappinstall, .mltbx, .mlpkginstall, .mlprj
%
% INPUT:
% action - optional string.
% * 'add' (default) adds/rewrites the MATLAB file association registry
% keys for this version.
% * 'delete' deletes the MATLAB file association registry entries for
% ALL versions of MATLAB (including "old style" ones)
% * 'deleteadd' is the same as 'delete' followed by 'add'
% extList - optional string or cell array of strings containing the file
% extensions that should be associated with this version. Default is
% all MATLAB file extension (see above).
% fileStr - optional string with the name of the registry file to be written
% (possibly including path). Default is the file
% 'MatlabFileAssocFix.reg' in the current directory.
%
% USAGE:
% 1) Run with desired options (see above). A registry file should have been
% created.
% 2) Exit all running instances of MATLAB.
% 3) Make a backup copy of the windows registry if you need to restore the
% changes, see https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/322756
% 4) Double click on the created file (possibly need to enter a password) and
% confirm.
% 5) Restart Windows (or explorer.exe).
% 6) The MATLAB files should now be associated with the MATLAB version that the
% registry file was created in and e.g. m-files should be opened in an
% already running instance of MATLAB.
%
% EXAMPLES:
% * associateFiles('deleteadd') - Makes a registry files that deletes all
% previous MATLAB file association registry keys and write new ones that
% associates all MATLAB files with the MATLAB version that the registry file
% was created in.
% * associateFiles('', {'.m', '.mat', '.fig'}, 'myFile') - Makes a registry file
% "myFile.reg" that associates m-, mat- and fig-files with the MATLAB version
% that the registry file was created in.
%
% VERSION 1.0

% Defualt input
if (nargin < 1 || isempty(action))
action = 'add';
end
if (nargin < 2)
userExtList = {};
end
if (nargin < 3)
fileStr = '';
end
if (~iscell(userExtList))
if (isempty(userExtList))
userExtList = {};
else
userExtList = {userExtList};
end
end

% Sanity check
if (~ischar(action) || (~strcmpi(action, 'add') && ...
~strcmpi(action, 'delete') && ~strcmpi(action, 'deleteadd')))
error('The action to perform must be ''add'', ''delete'' or ''deleteadd''!')
end
if (~isempty(userExtList) && ~min(cellfun(@ischar, userExtList)))
error('The file extension list must be a string or a cell array of strings!')
end
if (~ischar(fileStr))
error('The file to write to must be a string!')
end


% Get the currently running MATLAB version
verStr = regexp(version, '(\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?)\.', 'tokens');
verStr = verStr{1}{1};
verNum = str2double(regexprep(verStr, '(\d*?\.\d*)[\x0000-\xffff]*', '$1'));
verHex = sprintf('%04x', str2double(regexprep(verStr, ...
'(\d*?)\.[\x0000-\xffff]*', '$1')), str2double(regexprep(verStr, ...
'\d*?\.(\d*?)\.[\x0000-\xffff]*', '$1')));

% Get 32/64-bit
arch = computer;
switch arch
case 'PCWIN'
binFolder = 'win32';
case 'PCWIN64'
binFolder = 'win64';
end
binPath = fullfile(matlabroot, 'bin', binFolder);


% Known MATLAB files with possible DDE actions
fileExtCell = {...
'fig' , 'MATLAB Figure' , '-62' , ...
{'Open', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , [] ; ...
'm' , 'MATLAB Code' , '-58' , ...
{'Open', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , {'Run', 'run(''%1'')'} ; ...
'mat' , 'MATLAB Data' , '-59' , ...
{'Load', 'load(''%1'')' } , {'Open', 'uiimport(''%1'')'}; ...
'mdl' , 'Simulink Model' , '-61' , ...
{'Load', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , [] ; ...
'mdlp' , 'Simulink Protected Model' , '-72' , ...
[] , [] ; ...
'mexw32', 'MATLAB MEX' , '-63' , ...
[] , [] ; ...
'mexw64', 'MATLAB MEX' , '-63' , ...
[] , [] ; ...
'mn' , 'MuPAD Notebook' , '-66' , ...
{'Open', 'mupad(''%1'')'} , [] ; ...
'mu' , 'MuPAD Code' , '-67' , ...
{'Open', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , [] ; ...
'muphlp', 'MuPAD Help' , '-68' , ...
{'Open', 'doc(symengine, ''%1'')'} , [] ; ...
'p' , 'MATLAB P-code' , '-60' , ...
[] , [] ; ...
'slx' , 'Simulink Model (SLX format)', '-73' , ...
{'Open', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , [] ; ...
'ssc' , 'Simscape Model' , '-65' , ...
{'Open', 'uiopen(''%1'',1)'} , [] ; ...
'xvc' , 'MuPAD Graphics' , '-69' , ...
{'Open', 'mupad(''%1'')'} , [] ; ...
'xvz' , 'MuPAD Graphics' , '-70' , ...
{'Open', 'mupad(''%1'')'} , [] ; ...
'mlapp' , 'MATLAB Application' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'mltbx' , 'MATLAB Toolbox' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'mldatx' , 'Simulink Scenario' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'req' , 'Simulink Requirements Link' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'sldd' , 'Simulink Dictionary' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'slddc' , 'Simulink Dictionary' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'mlappinstall', 'MATLAB Application' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'mlpkginstall', 'MATLAB Support Package' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'slxp' , 'Simulink Protected Model Package', [] , [], [] ; ...
'sltx' , 'Simulink Template' , [] , [], [] ; ...
'mlprj' , 'MATLAB Project' , [] , [], []};

% Possibly trim list
if (~isempty(userExtList))
fileExtCell = fileExtCell(ismember(fileExtCell(:, 1), ...
regexprep(userExtList, '\.', '')), :);
end

% Make registry file
if (~isempty(fileStr))
% Possibly add file extension
[~, ~, tmp] = fileparts(fileStr);
if (isempty(tmp))
fileStr = [fileStr, '.reg'];
end
fid = fopen(fileStr, 'w');
else
fid = fopen('MatlabFileAssocFix.reg', 'w');
end
if (fid == -1)
error('Failed to create registry file')
end
% Write intial lines
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', 'Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00');
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', ';FIXES MATLAB FILE ASSOCIATIONS');


% REMOVE OLD KEYS
explorerKey = ['HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\', ...
'CurrentVersion\Explorer\FileExts'];
% Iterate over file extensions
for fileExtNo = 1 : size(fileExtCell, 1)
rmKeys = {};
fileExt = fileExtCell{fileExtNo, 1};

% File extension keys
[status, result] = dos(['reg query HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT /f .', fileExt, ...
' /k /e']);
if (~status)
keys = regexp(result, '(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT[\x0000-\xffff]*?)\n', 'tokens');
rmKeys = [rmKeys, keys{:}];
end

% Old style keys without version numbers
if (~strcmpi(fileExt, 'mexw64'))
% Uses single DDE key for mex files
if (strcmpi(fileExt, 'mexw32'))
fileExtTmp = 'mex';
else
fileExtTmp = fileExt;
end
[status, result] = dos(['reg query HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT /f ', ...
fileExtTmp, 'file /k /e']);
if (~status)
keys = regexp(result, '(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT[\x0000-\xffff]*?)\n', ...
'tokens');
rmKeys = [rmKeys, keys{:}];
end
end

% New style keys with version number
if (strcmpi(action, 'add'))
% Only remove keys related to this version
[status, result] = dos(['reg query HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT /f MATLAB.', ...
fileExt, '.', verStr ' /k']);
else
% Remove keys related to ALL version
[status, result] = dos(['reg query HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT /f MATLAB.', ...
fileExt, '. /k']);
end
if (~status)
keys = regexp(result, '(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT[\x0000-\xffff]*?)\n', 'tokens');
rmKeys = [rmKeys, keys{:}];
end

% Explorer keys
[status, result] = dos(['reg query ', explorerKey, ' /f .', fileExt, ...
' /k /e']);
if (~status)
keys = regexp(result, '(HKEY_CURRENT_USER[\x0000-\xffff]*?)\n', 'tokens');
rmKeys = [rmKeys, keys{:}];
end

% Write to file
if (~isempty(rmKeys))
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', [';REMOVES ', upper(fileExt), ...
' FILE ASSOCIATIONS']);
for keyNo = 1 : length(rmKeys)
key = rmKeys{keyNo};
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', ['[-', key, ']']);
end
end
end

% ADD KEYS
if (~strcmpi(action, 'delete'))
% Get text Persistent Handler
[status, result] = dos(...
'reg query HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.txt\PersistentHandler /ve');
if (~status)
PersistentHandler = regexp(result, '\{[\x0000-\xffff]*?\}', 'match');
PersistentHandler = PersistentHandler{1};
else
PersistentHandler = '';
end
% DDE call
ddeCall = 'ShellVerbs.Matlab';
if (verNum > 8)
% Changed from R2013a
ddeCall = [ddeCall, '.', verStr];
end
% Default icon
defIcon = 'm';
if (~exist(fullfile(binPath, 'm.ico'), 'file'))
defIcon = '';
end
% Path to MATLAB binary directory with \\
binPathStr = regexprep(binPath, '\\', '\\\\');

% Write Shell Open key
key = ['[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Applications\MATLAB.exe\shell\open', ...
'\command]%r', '@="\"', binPathStr, '\\MATLAB.exe\" \"%1\""%r%r'];
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', ';ADD SHELL OPEN');
lines = regexp(key, '([\x0000-\xffff]*?)%r', 'tokens');
for lineNo = 1 : length(lines)
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n', lines{lineNo}{1});
end

% Iterate over file types
for fileExtNo = 1 : size(fileExtCell, 1)
fileExt = fileExtCell{fileExtNo, 1};

% File extension keys
key = ['[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.', fileExt, ']%r@="MATLAB.', fileExt, '.', ...
verStr, '"%r'];
if (strcmpi(fileExt, 'm') && ~isempty(PersistentHandler))
% Add some values
key = [key, '"Content Type"="text/plain"%r', ...
'"PerceivedType"="Text"%r'];
end
key = [key, '%r'];
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.', fileExt, ...
'\OpenWithProgids]%r"MATLAB.', fileExt, '.', verStr, '"=""%r%r'];
if (strcmpi(fileExt, 'm') && ~isempty(PersistentHandler))
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.', fileExt, ...
'\PersistentHandler]%r@="', PersistentHandler, '"%r%r'];
end
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.', fileExt, ...
'\Versions\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ']%r"FileVersionMS"=dword:', ...
verHex, '%r"FileVersionLS"=dword:00000000%r%r'];

% DDE keys
ddeData = fileExtCell(ismember(fileExtCell(:, 1), fileExt), :);
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
']%r@="', ddeData{2}, '"%r'];
if (~isempty(ddeData{3}))
key = [key, '"FriendlyTypeName"="@', binPathStr, '\\matlab.exe', ...
',', ddeData{3}, '"%r'];
end
key = [key, '%r'];
% Icon
icon = fileExt;
if (~exist(fullfile(binPath, [icon, '.ico']), 'file'))
icon = defIcon;
end
if (~isempty(icon))
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\DefaultIcon]%r@="', binPathStr, '\\', icon, '.ico,0"%r%r'];
end
% Shell actions
for shellActionNo = 4:5
ddePar = ddeData{shellActionNo};
if (~isempty(ddePar))
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\Shell\', ddePar{1}, ']%r@="', ddePar{1}, '"%r%r'];
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\Shell\', ddePar{1}, '\command]%r@="\"', binPathStr, ...
'\\matlab.exe\""%r%r'];
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\Shell\', ddePar{1}, '\ddeexec]%r@="', ddePar{2}, '"%r%r'];
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\Shell\', ddePar{1},'\ddeexec\application]%r@="', ...
ddeCall, '"%r%r'];
key = [key, '[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\MATLAB.', fileExt, '.' verStr, ...
'\Shell\', ddePar{1},'\ddeexec\topic]%r@="system"%r%r'];
end
end

% Explorer keys
key = [key, '[', explorerKey, '\.', fileExt, '\OpenWithProgids]%r'];
if (strcmpi(fileExt, 'm'))
key = [key, '"m_auto_file"=hex(0):%r'];
end
key = [key, '"MATLAB.', fileExt, '.', verStr, '"=hex(0):%r%r'];
if (~isempty(ddeData{4}))
% Add key
key = [key, '[', explorerKey, '\.', fileExt, ...
'\OpenWithList]%r"a"="MATLAB.exe"%r"MRUList"="a"%r%r'];
else
key = [key, '[', explorerKey, '\.', fileExt, '\OpenWithList]%r%r'];
end
% Write to file
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n\r\n', [';ADD ', upper(fileExt), ...
' FILE ASSOCIATIONS']);
lines = regexp(key, '([\x0000-\xffff]*?)%r', 'tokens');
for lineNo = 1 : length(lines)
fprintf(fid, '%s\r\n', lines{lineNo}{1});
end
end

end

% Cloese file
fclose(fid);

2. 运行脚本

在 Matlab 命令窗口运行或直接点击运行:

1
associateFiles

运行完成后,会在当前目录下生成一个注册表文件,例如:

1
MatlabFileAssocFix.reg

3. 应用注册表文件

  1. 退出所有正在运行的 Matlab 程序。
  2. 双击生成的 .reg 文件,选择「是」确认修改注册表。
  3. 重启 Windows(或重新启动 explorer.exe 进程)。

效果验证

完成以上操作后,所有的 .m 文件、.mat 文件、.fig 文件等就会重新与 Matlab 2024 正确关联,可以直接双击打开,并会在已运行的 Matlab 实例中打开文件。


总结

通过运行 associateFiles.m 生成注册表修复文件,可以快速解决 Matlab 文件与版本解绑的问题
核心流程为:

  1. 保存并运行脚本。
  2. 生成 .reg 文件。
  3. 导入注册表并重启系统。

这样即可恢复 .m 文件的正常双击打开功能。 ✅